It’s the middle of internet week! I’ve already seen 30+ demos, in addition to Meetup Co-Founder Scott Heiferman smashing an iPad on stage at the tech meetup last night (which was at NYU’ Skirball center). One theme that has been recurrent is that people are unaware of the structure of angel investments. So, I thought I’d give a brief overview of one common structure. Please note there is an excel file you can download at the bottom of the post. It includes detailed notes and may be helpful to have open as you go through the post.
Many seed stage internet businesses look to angels to help them kickstart their companies through growth capital, as well as expertise. It seems that many people are confused as to what a typical angel investment might “cost” them in equity. And, while “a convertible note with a 10% PIK and a 25% discount to the series A” (also known as the “plain vanilla” angel structure) may make sense to some people, I thought I’d break down how to interpret that in case there were any non finance geeks out there who were trying to understand what the terms of an angel investment actually mean.
The Basics
I think it’s easiest to use an example to explain this type of investment. So, Joe is the founder of Newco which is a website that does some sort of location/game based virtual good (insert other buzz words) service. Joe needs to raise $500,000 to hire a few developers and a sales person. Joe finds an angel investor who just happens to have a lot of experience in location/game based virtual good services. Joe’s investor, let’s call her Ms. Jenna, gives him $500,000 and they use the plain vanilla (read typical) angel structure.
Instead of putting a value on the company now, the investor, will get equity based off of the valuation used in Joe’s Series A round of financing (more on that later). Presumably, when Joe raises his Series A, he will have a few customers, some revenues, and a much better picture for how his company will actually operate. His company will therefore be more easily valued.
The PIK
PIK stands for paid in kind. Ms. Jenna is putting up $500,000, and expects Joe to pay her 10% in interest each year. But, Joe doesn’t have any cash as he is a pre-revenue startup. So, instead of paying in cash, Joe is going to take the value of the dollars he would pay Ms. Jenna, and add that to the principal of the investment.
In our example, in the first year, Joe will take the 10% interest payment (worth $500,000 x 10% = $50,000) and add that to the principal of the investment, which will now be $500,000 + $50,000 = $550,000. In the next year, Joe will be charged 10% on that new principal. His new interest payment is $550,000 x 10% = $55,000. And his new principal amount is $550,000 + $55,000 = $605,000. For those familiar, this is the same concept as a negatively amortizing loan. Instead of paying interest in cash, it is paid as principal, which is the same as saying it is paid in kind (PIK).
The Equity Part of the Equation
We are going to pretend that Joe had a rough go of it and doesn’t raise his series A for 5 years. In year 5, the principal value of Ms. Jenna’s investment is now $805,225 (please see attached excel to see the calculations, rows 19 and 20 – we just added the 10% interest in each of the 5 years). The series A investor gives Joe $1 million dollars at a $4 million post-money valuation meaning that they will get $1 mm/$4 mm = 25% of Newco’s equity. For the difference in pre vs post money valuations, please see the attached excel cell C14.
We said that the angel investment would be invested at a 25% discount to the series A. This means that instead of investing at a $4 million valuation, Ms. Jenna’s dollars get put to work at a $4,000,000 x (1-25%) = $3 million valuation. And, her $500,000 originally invested has grown to $805,225 due to the interest which has been paid in kind. So, her ownership in the company will be $805,225/$3,000,000 = 27%.
At the risk of complicating things, it is worth noting that Ms. Jenna’s original angel investment can also come with a valuation cap, meaning that there is a maximum value that her dollars can be put to work at. In the excel, I have put this at $10,000,000 so it doesn’t come into play. But, if Joe’s company was worth $20,000,000 in 5 years when he raised his series A, Ms. Jenna’s equity would be calculated using a valuation of $10,000,000, not the typical 25% discount we have used in our example. You can see how this benefits the angel investor in the case that they company does take off. Ms. Jenna will invest her money at a $10,000,000 valuation as opposed to a $ 15,000,000 valuation ($20,000,000 x (1-25%) = $15,000,000) which would give her a larger equity stake in the company.
End Result
Joe has now raised $1.5 million and is hopefully well on his way to a successful career at the helm of Newco. He has given up 25% to his series A investors, and 27% to his angel investor Ms. Jenna, and so retains 48% for himself and the rest of his team.
The attached excel sheet has all of these calculations and is set up in a way that you can play around with different assumptions. Please feel free to email me with any questions! phil (at) philstrazzulla (dot) com. Also, please note that this is meant to be an overview of one type of common angel structure and that there are definitely more out there. Enjoy!
Great blog here! Also your site loads up very fast!
What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host?
I wish my web site loaded up as quickly as yours lol
always i used to read smaller articles that
also clear their motive, and that is also happening with this article which I
am reading at this place.
I take pleasure in, result in I found just what I used to be
looking for. You have ended my four day lengthy hunt!
God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye
It’s amazing designed for me to have a web page, which
is good in support of my knowledge. thanks admin
Great information. Lucky me I came across your website by accident
(stumbleupon). I have saved it for later!
obviously like your website however you have to check the spelling on quite
a few of your posts. Several of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to inform the
truth then again I’ll surely come again again. https://dalton726je.blogs-service.com/40482288/the-2-minute-rule-for-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86
Über dieses Thema berichtete ARD-Brisant am 28. Dezember
2020 um 17:15 Uhr. Auch in Thüringen (Weltkindertag am 20.
September) und Sachsen (Ruhetag am 17. November) ist noch ein längerer Herbsturlaub mit
Brückentagen möglich. In Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz
und dem Saarland winkt immerhin zu Allerheiligen am 1.
November ein Wochenende – ein Montag. Ein gesetzlicher Feiertag ist er aber nur in Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen,
Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz und im Saarland sowie in einigen Teilen Sachsens und Thüringens.
Resultieren aus Fronleichnam: Der Feiertag fällt auf Donnerstag, den 3.
Juni, und bietet somit weitere Chancen für Brückentage.
Im Herbst können Arbeitnehmer nicht auf viele Feiertage hoffen: Mariä Aufnahme in den Himmel, der
Tag der Deutschen Einheit und auch der Reformationstag fallen jeweils
auf einen Sonntag. Wer dort sogar vom 14.
Mai bis zum 4. Juni Urlaub einreicht, kann übrigens Himmelfahrt und Pfingsten bestmöglich mit Fronleichnam verbinden – und durch den Einsatz
von 14 Urlaubstagen einen Urlaub von 25 Tagen erreichen. Wer sich auch die vier Tage danach frei nehmen möchte, kann daraus einen insgesamt neun Tage langen Urlaub
machen. Gut daran tun, zu die Corona-Pandemie im kommenden Jahr
auf die Reihe kriegen lassen, ist vielleicht
auch wieder ein ausgedehnter Strandurlaub
möglich.
อย่าห้าวให้มากไอ้เด็กเหี้ย
What’s up, I read your blog daily. Your story-telling style
is witty, keep it up!
I’ll immediately seize your rss feed as I can’t
find your e-mail subscription link or newsletter service.
Do you’ve any? Kindly allow me realize in order that I may subscribe.
Thanks.
I pay a visit daily a few websites and blogs to read articles, except this weblog presents quality based content.
Thanks on your marvelous posting! I certainly enjoyed reading it,
you are a great author. I will be sure to bookmark your blog
and will often come back sometime soon. I want to encourage you to continue your great writing,
have a nice afternoon!
Guitarist and co-founder of the seminal punk
band “The Ramones”…
Also visit mmy webpage online casino real money
Currently it sounds like Expression Engine is
the best blogging platform out there right now.
(from what I’ve read) Is that what you’re using on your blog?
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the
video to make your point. You definitely know what youre
talking about, why waste your intelligence on just
posting videos to your weblog when you could be
giving us something informative to read?
Assure that you generate a lasting rapid impression and have
your resume and cover letter prepared.
Also visit my webpage :: 룸알바
Die Kirche maß stets der Weihnachtskrippe den größten Symbolgehalt zu und war
lange schon verhalten gegenüber der unreligiösen Tradition des Weihnachtsbaums.
Erst Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts öffnete sich die Kirche dem Brauchtum und erlaubte Weihnachtsbäume
in den Gotteshäusern. Weihnachtsbaum im Vatikan ein: Erstmals erstrahlte ein dekorierter
Baum auf dem Petersplatz in Rom. 1982 führte Papst Johannes Paul II.
Der Weihnachtsbaum wird traditionell vor Heiligabend
ins Wohnzimmer geholt. Wann genau Sie ihn aufstellen, hängt von Ihrer persönlichen Vorliebe ab und davon, wie lange Sie
den Baum frisch halten können. Wie lange der Baum dann stehen bleibt, ist ebenfalls von den eigenen Vorlieben abhängig und stellenweise regional unterschiedlich.
Viele Familien stellen den Baum erst zwischen dem 3. Advent und Heiligabend auf, manche möchten jedoch länger etwas vom Baum haben. Viele
lassen den Weihnachtsbaum bis zum Dreikönigstag am 6. Januar stehen. In anderen Regionen ist es hingegen üblich, den Baum bis
Mariä lichtmess am 2. Februar nicht verleugnen lassen.
Heya i’m for the primary time here. I came across this board and I in finding It truly helpful &
it helped me out much. I am hoping to offer one thing again and help others like you helped me.
Good day I am so delighted I found your webpage, I really found you by mistake,
while I was browsing on Digg for something else, Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say kudos for
a marvelous post and a all round enjoyable blog
(I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to browse it
all at the moment but I have bookmarked it and also added your
RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read much more,
Please do keep up the excellent jo.
Normally I do not learn article on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very pressured me to try and
do it! Your writing style has been surprised me.
Thank you, quite nice article.
My website :: ซื้อหวยออนไลน์
I was wondering if you ever thought of changing the structure of your website?
Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people
could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or two
images. Maybe you could space it out better?
Why people still make use of to read news papers when in this technological world all
is presented on web?
Sie haben ihren eigenen Pool. Unter Corona ist
das verboten. Die Baustelle liegt auf Eis. Den kompletten Maßnahmenkatalog des Tourismusministeriums scheint
noch keiner gesehen ehelos. Yesim Yalcin ist Ärztin in Antalya
und macht ein paar Tage mit ihrem Bruder und seiner
Frau hier Urlaub. Das Hotel bleibe diese Saison gut beraten sein zu.
Normalerweise wird dann war’s das des Fastenmonats mit Familie und Freunden gefeiert.
Nicht nur Sevki Erdogan hofft, dass viele Einschränkungen Anfang Juni fallen. Bis Mitte
Juni warnt die Bundesregierung allerdings alle Deutschen, ins Ausland zu
reisen. Um deutsche Urlauber trotz Corona wieder
in die Türkei zu locken, holt die Regierung in Ankara den TÜV
ins Boot. Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt sind seine Hotelzimmer alle leer, nur schon so einige der luxuriösen Villen sind
belegt. Ein Hotelzimmer hätte sie allerdings nicht genommen. Die dürfen Stand jetzt allerdings nicht benutzt werden.
Ferienhäuser werden diese Saison wohl insgesamt mehr gefragt sein. Schwimmen und Spazieren am Meer
ist verboten. Die Türkei will, dass sie das bis zu den Sommerferien aufhebt.
Der Küstenort Kas in der Türkei im Oktober 2019 – damals war die Welt noch frei von Corona.
Bad in einem der Zimmer begutachtet. Im kleinen Boutique-Hotel fragen nun gar Merih Ciraks Stammgäste, wann sie diese Saison aufmacht.
Der Hotelchef kann das in Rätseln sprechen “In Erscheinung treten einige Entscheidungen, die aussichtslos”, sagt er.
Ihr Vater bleibt dagegen dabei: Urlaub mit Corona mache keinen Spaß und sei gefährlich.
Sicher ist das aber nicht.
I couldn’t refrain from commenting. Perfectly written!
Feel free to visit my blog post; judi slot pragmatic play
Von meinem Standpunkt aus kauft man bei SEO Agenturen vor allem
Zeit, Identifikation und Leidenschaft. Know-How vorausgesetzt.
Niemand wird leidenschaftlich und mit Identifikation an einem Projekt arbeiten, das er
nur an 5 Stunden im Monat betreut. Aus meiner Erfahrung gibt es
eine Basis-Identifikation ab ca. Dennoch wird die Arbeit an einem Projekt, dass an 5 Tagen oder mehr in der Woche Agentur- und Schreibtisch-Thema ist sicherlich mit mehr Identifikation laufen. Bei durchschnittlich 100 € Stundensatz ergibt sich ein monatliches Basis-Volumen von 2.000 €.
2 Arbeitstagen. Wir selber arbeiten normal ab 20 Stunden Monats-Budget.
Es gibt mehr Agenturen arbeiten mit mindestens 3 Monaten Laufzeit, sodass ein Mindestbudget von 6.000 € für mich
die Basis einer Zusammenarbeit darstellt.
Das ist schwer pauschal zu beantworten, da das natürlich sehr von welcher
Komplexität der Website und des Themas abhängt.
Darunter macht es kaum einmal einen Sinn, weil man nichts richtig beenden kann.
Den Einstieg in die Agentur-Zusammenarbeit sollte eine kurze, kostenlose Ersteinschätzung zum tatsächlichen Bedarf in geordneten Bahnen der
Angebotserstellung sein. Ein SEO-Experte kann nach wenigen Minuten einigermaßen gut einschätzen, wie sehr z.B.
Thema Onpage Optimierung brennt und wie groß der Handlungsbedarf ist.
I am really loving the theme/design of your blog. Do you ever run into any browser compatibility problems?
A few of my blog visitors have complained about my website not working correctly in Explorer
but looks great in Safari. Do you have any tips to help fix this issue?
This nominal energy-utilization is in any respect for download there
are around 6000 per Bitcoin. Grow from there are a number of trading platforms even in the case of Bitcoin is written for learners.
Byrne’s firm won’t problem Bitcoin-fashion shares that information and even some publicly accessible.
Since crypto is essential identified solely to the opposite
side even a brief time period. Create a private store for very
small payments used for digital assets throughout investor in Bitcoin. Funds platform.twitter customers of hikes in simply three meetings and triggered a contemporary.
Platforms that may be created utilizing a pc file which
is saved in wallets. 3 and 5 of your pc makes it straightforward for people who’ve
used. Texas blockchain Council in partnership with Luxor applied sciences and
Rhodium Enterprises who offered. During that same time in similar copies of the blockchain to indicate for it.
Completely unfiltered media working from dwelling and whether that goes forward or not that is the time.
Das Material des Randprofils und das Polyisobutylen müssen den Randverbund gegenüber Füllgas,
Umgebungsluft und Wasserdampf abdichten. Nach der
Befüllung des Scheibenzwischenraums mit Gas wird diese Fuge zwischen dem um
etwa 3 mm eingerückten Abstandhalter und den überstehenden Glaskanten mit pastösem Polyurethan, Silikon oder speziellen Polysulfiden gefüllt.
Bei Fassadenelementen, die hier dem UV-Licht ausgesetzt sind,
wird meist schwarzes Silikon statt Butyl, Polyurethan oder Polysulfid verwendet, das allerdings deutlich gasdurchlässiger ist.
Der Rahmen aus Abstandhalter-Profilen wird etwas kleiner gefertigt, als die Glasscheiben, so dass nach dem Einkleben des
Glashalters eine U-förmige Fuge zwischen den Glasrändern verbleibt.
Hier kann etwa eine Weichmacherwanderung oder ein Kontakt mit schädlichen Ölen oder anderen Stoffen stattfinden. Problematisch sind Unverträglichkeiten zwischen den Dichtstoffen, die zur Eindichtung der Isolierglasscheibe
im Fensterrahmen oder als Dichtung des Stoßes zwischen zwei Scheiben verwendet
werden, und den Dichtstoffen im Randverbund. Ebenso können auch schädliche Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem
Kunstoffmaterial der Verglasungs-Klötze und dem Randverbund auftreten, insbesondere, wenn
die Klötze Styrolverbindungen enthalten.
My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and
find many of your post’s to be precisely what I’m looking for.
can you offer guest writers to write content
for yourself? I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write regarding here.
Again, awesome web log!
Look into my page; geyserwise tse1
This is a topic which is near to my heart… Cheers!
Where are your contact details though?
I am truly pleased to read this web site posts which includes lots of helpful facts, thanks for providing these information.
Hello it’s me, I am also visiting this website on a regular basis, this web site is truly pleasant
and the visitors are in fact sharing nice thoughts.
It’s very straightforward to find out any topic on net as compared
to textbooks, as I found this paragraph at this site.
Here is my page; geyserwise review
Wow, marvelous blog layout! How long have you been blogging for?
you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your web site is magnificent,
let alone the content!
I am sure this piece of writing has touched all
the internet people, its really really nice
piece of writing on building up new website.
Feel free to visit my site – geyserwise max installation manual
Hello, Neat post. There is an issue together with your site in web explorer, might check this?
IE still is the market leader and a huge element of other people
will miss your great writing because of this problem.
my web blog: geyserwise delta t manual
Howdy, I do believe your site may be having internet browser compatibility problems.
Whenever I look at your web site in Safari,
it looks fine however when opening in Internet Explorer, it’s got some overlapping issues.
I simply wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other than that, great blog!
I have read several excellent stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting.
I surprise how a lot attempt you place to make one of these wonderful informative site.
I think this is among the most important info for me. And i’m glad reading your
article. But wanna remark on some general things, The website style is wonderful,
the articles is really excellent : D. Good job, cheers
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to
make your point. You definitely know what youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just
posting videos to your weblog when you could be giving us something informative
to read?
gilphi 00291a3f2f https://wakelet.com/wake/GQhAgL5dZhwPViF6AZhlL
What’s up, I log on to your blog regularly. Your humoristic style is awesome,
keep doing what you’re doing!
Also visit my page … geyserwise dual manual
Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Kassenrollen, Bonrollen und Thermorollen? Grundsätzlich handelt es sich bei den Begriffen Kassenrollen und Bonrollen um Oberbegriffe und Synonyme für Rollen die in Kassen oder Bondruckern zum Einsatz kommen. Bei
Thermorollen handelt es sich um Spezialrollen, die nur
nebst Thermodruckern zum Einsatz kommen können. Für Kassen und Drucker mit Nadel oder Walzdruckwerk wäre die entsprechenden “Spezialrolle” eine Normalpapierrolle.
Sie sind auf einer Seite mit einer Schicht überzogen, die unter Wärmeeinwirkung schwarz
wird zum Beispiel das Druckbild ergibt. Fälschlicherweise hat
sich die Bezeichnung Bonrollen jedoch als Synonym für eben diese Normalpapierrollen durchgesetzt.
Warum an der Zeit sein beim Kauf von Kassenrollen auf die Qualität achten? Mit besonders billigen Kassenrollen können verschiedene Probleme auftauchen. Im Innern der Thermorollen kann sich eine mangelhafte Papierqualität am schnellen Ausbleichen des Drucks Laut geben. Kaum
feststellbar hingegen sind die im Papier eingesetzten Chemikalien. Bei Kassenrollen aus Normalpapier und Thermopapier gleichermassen kann es bei schlechter Papierqualität zu verstärkter Staubentwicklung kommen, der sich in Ihrem Drucker
oder Ihrer Kasse absetzt par exemple die Lebensdauer erheblich verkürzen kann.
Hey! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new
iphone! Just wanted to say I love reading your blog and look forward to all your posts!
Keep up the great work!
Have a look at my web page: geyser wise max manual
Excellent way of explaining, and pleasant post to obtain information on the topic
of my presentation subject, which i am going to convey in school.
Here is my homepage … geyser wise element
Woah! I’m really digging the template/theme of this blog.
It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very hard to get that
“perfect balance” between superb usability and appearance.
I must say that you’ve done a amazing job with this. Also, the blog loads very fast for me on Opera.
Excellent Blog!
Here is my web blog; geyser wise timer
Fastidious respond in return of this question with real arguments and describing
the whole thing concerning that.
Feel free to surf to my web page geyserwise thermostat
Thanks on your marvelous posting! I really enjoyed reading it, you may be a great author.
I will make certain to bookmark your blog and definitely
will come back down the road. I want to encourage one to continue your great writing, have a
nice morning!
Review my blog post geyserwise for sale
My partner and I stumbled over here different website and
thought I should check things out. I like what I see so i am just following you.
Look forward to looking at your web page repeatedly.
I’ve read some good stuff here. Certainly worth bookmarking for
revisiting. I wonder how a lot effort you put to make this type of excellent informative site.
Visit my web blog; geyserwise thermostat